If you have capital gains from your assets that you held for one year of less you get taxed for it at the same rate as the income tax rates for that year.

Long Term Capital Gains:

There is a different capital gains rate for capital gains held longer than a year.

It is determined by the tax rate that you would fall under. Capital gain income from assets held longer than one year are generally taxed at a special long-term capital gains rate.

The rate that applies depends on which ordinary income tax bracket you fall under.
It can go from 0% to 15%. (15%if you are in the 25% tax bracket and higher.)

After 2012 things will change

In 2013, the tax rate on long term gains will be 10% if you are in the 15% tax bracket. For others it will be 20%.

Forget the qualified dividends starting in 2013, as regular tax rates will apply.Tax Rate on Dividend Income:Qualified dividends get taxed at a 15% percent rate.
Ordinary dividends get taxed at your ordinary tax bracket rates.

Here is a note from the IRS:

Correction to the 2010 Publication 550, Investment Income and Expenses
--05-JUL-2011

If you downloaded the 2010 Publication 550 before July 5, 2011, please note the following change.

On page 76, the "2010" in the first sentence of the next to last paragraph of How To Make the Mark-to-Market Election should be "2011." The sentence should read:

"Once you make the election, it will apply to 2011 and all later tax years, unless you get permission from the IRS to revoke it."

So here is the form (download it) that the IRS talks about 2010 Publication 550 (Corrected). The tax rate for capital gains on "Collectible Assets" held for a year or less are at regular rates for the bracket you find yourself in but it jumps up to 28% after a year.